The process by which plants convert light energy into chemical energy is called:

The process by which plants convert light energy into chemical energy is called:

• A. Respiration
• B. Photosynthesis
• C. Fermentation
• D. Transpiration

Answer: (B)

Plants capture light energy and store it as chemical energy in sugars. This happens in the chloroplasts with the help of chlorophyll, where light energy drives the formation of energy carriers like ATP and NADPH in the light-dependent reactions, which then power the synthesis of glucose from carbon dioxide in the Calvin cycle. Oxygen is released as a byproduct. Among the options, this is the process that converts light energy into chemical energy, which is exactly what photosynthesis does. The other processes don’t convert light into chemical energy: respiration releases stored energy from glucose, fermentation yields energy without using oxygen, and transpiration is simply the loss of water vapor from plant surfaces.

Plants capture light energy and store it as chemical energy in sugars. This happens in the chloroplasts with the help of chlorophyll, where light energy drives the formation of energy carriers like ATP and NADPH in the light-dependent reactions, which then power the synthesis of glucose from carbon dioxide in the Calvin cycle. Oxygen is released as a byproduct. Among the options, this is the process that converts light energy into chemical energy, which is exactly what photosynthesis does. The other processes don’t convert light into chemical energy: respiration releases stored energy from glucose, fermentation yields energy without using oxygen, and transpiration is simply the loss of water vapor from plant surfaces.